Our first point on the Chemal Route is the Kamyshla Waterfall. We are located between the villages of Barangol and Ust-Sema, on the Kamyshla River — a small tributary of the Katun.
If you are driving along the highway, the landmark is simple: a suspension bridge will be clearly visible by the road. Usually, the route begins right there. Cross the bridge, and you immediately find yourself on a convenient forest path. It is about two to three kilometers to the waterfall: the path is easy, without extreme climbs, so families with children and those just beginning their acquaintance with Gorny Altay often come here.

The waterfall consists of two cascades, which together create a water drop of about 12 meters. The upper ledge is almost vertical: the stream suddenly plunges down, crashing against the rocks with a loud, ringing noise. Below, the jets spread wider and fall more softly, forming a characteristic "water tent" that sparkles in the sun. Due to the narrow channel, the sound here is amplified, and even as you approach, it feels as if a powerful natural engine is working ahead.

In spring, the waterfall is especially impressive: meltwater fills the river, and the flow becomes wide, fierce, and almost milky-white from air and foam. In summer, when the water level drops, the Kamyshla Waterfall looks calmer, but the valley itself reveals its beauty more brightly — thick forest, moist coolness, the scent of pine needles, and blooming herbs. Everything around creates the feeling of a forest shelter where you can hide from the heat.

The nature around the waterfall is very vibrant. The Kamyshla flows through a mixed forest: pines, spruces, birches, maples, and thick thickets of fern. In spring, the maralnik blooms in the valley — also known as the Siberian Rhododendron. Its bright purple spots against the backdrop of the still-cold mountains create a very atmospheric contrast. In autumn, it is especially beautiful here: yellow, red, and green shades mix so that even a short climb to the waterfall becomes a full-fledged walk through an autumn park.

The waterfall has its own short history. In 1940, local residents built a water mill here, which later operated as a small sawmill. The harvested logs were rafted down the Katun, and the finished boards were transported along the shore. Fragments of the old structures have survived to this day — blackened logs with metal hoops are visible around the lower cascade. Now they have become part of the landscape.

You can reach it not only via the suspension bridge. Some prefer the path from the bridge in Ust-Sema or a water crossing — in the warm season, motorboats come here. But whichever route you choose, the last stretch of the path always passes along a quiet trail, where you can hear the Kamyshla River rolling louder and louder over the stones.

The Kamyshla Waterfall is one of those places that allow you to feel Altay immediately, from the very first minutes. Not tall, but surprisingly energetic, surrounded by forest and light, it becomes the ideal first point on the way deep into the Chemal Route.

We are approaching the Chemal Hydroelectric Station — a place where the stone of the gorge, the waters of the Chemal, and a trace of engineering history all meet in one frame. The station stands on the outskirts of the village of Chemal, on the Chemal River, just a few hundred meters from where it flows into the Katun. Here, the riverbed is squeezed between the slopes, and the flow sounds especially powerful — as if the mountains are amplifying every meter of water.

The construction of the station began in the early 1930s. It was built under difficult conditions — in a narrow valley with almost no room for machinery, meaning much of the work had to be done by hand. By 1935, the Chemal station produced its first electricity. At the time, its capacity was enough to supply power to nearby villages, the Chemal resort, and several facilities along the route. For the residents, this was a true breakthrough: a mountainous area where life had remained unchanged for so long finally gained access to electricity.

The station was small but reliable. Horizontal turbines, a dam, and the engine room operated for many years in the challenging conditions of a mountain river. The Chemal would alternate between being calm and turning into a raging torrent, and floods tested the station's strength more than once. Over time, operation became increasingly difficult, and in the early 2010s, the station finally ceased its work. The engine room was flooded, the equipment was decommissioned, and industrial activity here came to an end.

Today, the territory of the station is a historical space converted into a museum. On the dam, you can still hear the water rushing through the gates, and the observation platforms offer views of the churning Chemal and the calm Katun around the bend. The contrast between the two rivers is clearly visible from here: one is mountainous, narrow, and noisy; the other is wide, deep, and carries its waters further across Altay.

The road to the station runs along the slope, among pines and stones. The atmosphere here is special: the roar of water is nearby, yet just a little further along the path, you can hear the noise fade, giving way to the silence of the forest. Thanks to its picturesque views and convenient location, the station has become one of the main attractions of Chemal. Entertainment areas are located around it: a small adventure park, rope courses, bungee jumps, a Ferris wheel, and boat rentals. It is especially lively here in the summer, and for those who want a quieter walk, several routes run nearby along the Katun.

The Chemal Hydroelectric Station is not just an object of the engineering past. It is a place where you can feel how human labor and nature coexisted for nearly a century, complementing each other. Today, this point is naturally included in the itinerary: it is convenient for day trips and suitable for travelers of all ages.

On the outskirts of Chemal, you can reach a suspension bridge over the Katun to find yourself at Patmos Island — a small rock in the middle of a canyon, as if intentionally placed in the most spectacular spot. It is located very close to the mouth of the Chemal River, and the island can only be reached via this narrow crossing.

This bridge is a landmark in its own right: it stretches over the water at a height of about fifteen meters, swaying slightly underfoot. It is from here that one of the most impressive views of the Katun opens up — turquoise, swift, and noisy.

The history of this place is connected with Orthodox tradition. The island was named "Patmos" after the Greek island where, according to legend, the Apostle John the Theologian lived and worked. At the end of the 19th century, a wooden church was built on the opposite bank of the Chemal, and later, in 1915, it was moved directly to the island. Thus, Patmos became a small spiritual retreat where pilgrims would travel. In the 1920s, the church was destroyed, and for a long time, the island remained deserted. It was only in the early 2000s that it was restored according to old blueprints and photographs. Today, a convent operates here, and the church has once again become a part of life in Chemal.

Now, Patmos is one of the most atmospheric places in the vicinity. The wooden church stands on the edge of the cliff, almost overhanging the river. Inside, it is quiet and cool, smelling of wood, candles, and stone. On one of the rocks near the church, a high-relief image of the Virgin Mary is carved. Nearby is a small niche with bas-reliefs dedicated to the Nativity. All this creates a feeling that spiritual life and harsh nature exist here inseparably.

The walk to Patmos begins in the village of Chemal. From the parking lot, the trail descends the slope — first to the bridge, and then onto the island itself. The path is short but very picturesque: pines, stones, and the sound of water that grows louder as you approach the canyon. On the opposite bank, a narrow trail stretches along the cliff. It is called the "Goat Path" — it leads to the confluence of the Chemal and the Katun, another popular spot for walks.

Patmos Island is small, and you can walk around it in just a few minutes. But many stay here longer: some admire the view of the river, some enter the church, and some simply want to sit on a rock and feel the rhythm of the water. The Katun is especially powerful in this spot: its current is relentless, and listening to the noise of the water, it is easy to imagine how it has been carving its path through the rocks for centuries.
This place has become a symbol of Chemal — a combination of nature, silence, and spirituality. Even if you did not plan a pilgrimage, a visit to Patmos Island leaves the feeling that you have been at the point where two worlds meet — the earthly and the ethereal, the human and the natural.

If you continue along the shore from Patmos Island, the Goat Trail begins — a narrow path along the slope of Mount Beshpek, laid high above the swift Katun. This route connects Patmos Island and the Chemal Hydroelectric Station. It is just over a kilometer long, but every meter of it gives the sensation of traveling along the edge of the earth, with stone, air, and a mighty river beneath your feet.

The trail leads along the edge of a cliff: to the right is a sheer rock face, and to the left is the rushing, turquoise-green Katun, whose current can be heard long before the path brings you to the observation decks. It offers some of the best views in the vicinity: the river's bends, rocky outcrops, forest, and distant mountain slopes. It is especially beautiful when the evening light touches the water and everything around seems to grow quiet — leaving only the wind, the sound of flowing water, and the majesty of nature.

In the past, the trail was a true "goat path": narrow, rocky, and dangerous — passable, perhaps, only by a sturdy mountain goat or a thrill-seeker. Today, the route is improved: ledges have been reinforced where necessary, and wooden walkways and observation platforms have been added, so even families with children or guests unaccustomed to the mountains can walk the trail with ease.

The route itself is a living contrast: directly overhead are the cliffs, beneath your feet are the stones and the path, and below is the churning Katun. In the distance lie the forest, the mountains, and the sky. Such a walk is like a journey between the elements: earth, water, and air.

The best part is that the Goat Trail requires no special training. The main things are comfortable shoes and caution, with extra care during or after rain when the stones can be slippery. But if you walk it calmly, without rushing, the experience will be easy and the impressions powerful.

The Goat Trail is not a long hike: it is best to walk slowly, pausing at the observation points. Then the route works as intended: it not only leads to Patmos or the station — you can start from either side — but also gives you a chance to see the Katun from above and feel why the path here follows this exact course.

Che-Chkysh Gorge is located on the Chemal Route, not far from Chemal. It is a narrow cleft in the mountain rock where the Che-Chkysh stream has carved through limestone, creating a small valley squeezed between cliffs up to one hundred and fifty meters high. Right at the entrance, you can see how tight and "compressed" the space is. Access to the route usually requires a small fee.

As you descend along the shallow path, you find yourself in the shadow of the cliffs. Sheer walls rise overhead like ancient citadels, celebrating the power of nature. The stream gurgles softly, its water forcing a path through the stones. Further up the valley, you will come across a small waterfall: two streams of water descend from a height of about four meters, creating a living wall of water—the quiet, rustling breath of the gorge.

Beyond this, the trail skirts the rocks and leads to observation platforms. From there, a panorama unfolds: the emerald Katun below, its valley, the bends of the river, and the forests on the slopes shimmering under the sun. On a clear day, the river looks like a living thread stretched between the rocks; if you listen closely, you can hear the sound of the water, the wind, and the echo of the valley.

But Che-Chkysh is not only about nature. Deep within the gorge, ancient petroglyphs have been preserved on the rock walls: images of animals—likely mountain goats or marals—human figures, and signs. This is a memory spanning thousands of years, an imprint of the lives of ancestors who once walked these paths, hunted, lived, and honored nature by drawing its images. Here, where stone and water meet, history comes alive again. After climbing above the waterfall, you can find the petroglyphs on one of the rocks to your right.
They are usually not visible from the main path—look for a red five-pointed star in a yellow circle on the rock; this is a piece of "modern art." Move closer and study the surface carefully: images of a person and mountain goats will appear. The main part of these petroglyphs dates back to the Early Iron Age.

Some call Che-Chkysh the "Valley of Mountain Spirits"—not just for its beauty, but because of the feeling that this place holds something more: memory, power, and the spirit of the land. In summer, it is cool here, the air filled with the scent of pine needles and damp freshness. In spring or after rain, the water is especially clear, and the rocks appear moist and glistening.

The route through the gorge is relatively easy: a walk of about 1.5 to 2 hours with an elevation gain of up to 150 meters along a convenient path by the stream. Standard footwear and basic fitness are sufficient—even families with children can complete this journey. However, caution is important: the stones can be slippery, especially near the water or after rain.

If you have a few hours on the Chemal Route, Che-Chkysh is one of the most straightforward and rewarding options: walk through the gorge, climb to the viewpoints, and enjoy a peaceful return.

Further along the Chemal Route, about forty kilometers from Chemal, the road leads to the Oroktoy Bridge — it spans the Katun between the villages of Oroktoy and Edigan. In this spot, the river suddenly narrows into a stone corridor only 20 to 25 meters wide. The current accelerates to 15−20 kilometers per hour, and in some seasons, the depth reaches dozens of meters. The roar rises from below so loudly that you can hear it even before you step onto the bridge span — almost like being next to a busy highway.

Beneath the bridge lies the Katun rapids and the Teldekpen narrows. The water seems to "shoot" through the narrow bottleneck: standing waves, counter-currents, and whirlpools appear, clearly visible from above by the patterns on the surface. In spring, during the active melting of snow and glaciers, the Katun is especially full, and this section becomes a serious challenge for rafters. In summer, the rapids are calmer, but the sense of the river’s power remains.

There is a clear explanation for this place. The rocks squeezing the river here are ancient — hundreds of millions of years old. The Katun has been working on them long and persistently: widening cracks, washing out weak zones, and deepening its bed. Consequently, this section is not only narrow but also deep — in some places reaching 70 to 100 meters.

The history of the bridge began long before the modern structure appeared. At the beginning of the 20th century, a wooden bridge existed here, connecting the banks and allowing the residents of Oroktoy and Edigan to reach each other more quickly. But the Katun, known for its unpredictable character, destroyed this crossing more than once. Eventually, a massive flood washed the bridge away completely, and for several years, people had to cross the river in a metal cradle suspended from tensioned cables. For the locals, this was a daily reality, but for an outsider, it was a rather risky way to cross.

The modern Oroktoy Bridge was built in the late nineties. This suspension structure rests on powerful reinforced concrete pillars cut directly into the rock. The main span is about seventy meters long, while the entire structure stretches for over a hundred. A narrow roadway runs across the bridge, allowing cars to pass, while space for pedestrians remains on the sides. Today, it is the only reliable year-round crossing between Oroktoy and Edigan, without which life in these villages would be much more difficult.

Today, the Oroktoy Bridge is not just a transport link but a popular tourist destination. It offers a stunning view of the stone canyon and the turquoise Katun squeezed between dark cliffs. If you get out of your car and walk across, you can feel a slight vibration under your feet — the bridge responds to steps and the wind. Below, among the rocks, the powerful roar of the rapids is audible, and if you look closely, you might see bright rafts or kayaks navigating the turbulent water.

The banks around the bridge form a whimsical landscape of frozen lava fields and rocky outcrops. On the stones, you can often see small stone pyramids built by tourists — some for good luck, others simply as a sign of their presence. On a clear day, the colors here are particularly vibrant: green slopes, grey-black rocks, and the light turquoise water of the Katun create a strong contrast.

A stop at the Oroktoy Bridge fits perfectly into a journey along the Chemal Route. Here, you can step away from the road for a moment, feel the height above the river, listen to the roar of the rapids, and imagine how people once crossed the Katun at this very spot using cables and flimsy wooden planks. Now the bridge seems reliable and familiar, but it is places like this that remind us how vital every crossing is for Altay — and how closely the fates of people, mountains, and the great river are intertwined here.

Kuyus Grotto is located near the village of the same name, on the right bank of the Katun. It is a prominent spot: limestone cliffs rising sharply, an open slope, and a narrow valley where the roar of the river is clearly audible. On the surface of these rocks, one of the most representative groups of rock carvings of the Middle Katun has been preserved.

The main part of the images is concentrated on two rock pillars standing apart from the main massif. They are fenced off to prevent the petroglyphs from being damaged — natural erosion, cracks, and the patina of time are visible on the stones, making protective measures necessary here.

The drawings were made using different techniques and belong to several archaeological periods. The earliest date back to the Neolithic: these are simple outline images of animals carved with stone tools. Later drawings, attributed to the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, are more expressive. Among them are figures of deer, elk, and mountain goats, and sometimes scenes that can be interpreted as hunting expeditions. There are also anthropomorphic images, likely associated with ritual activities.

Researchers note that some petroglyphs depict female hoofed animals with their young. Such scenes, repeated in various regions of Altay, are often associated with ideas of fertility and the continuation of the lineage. However, there are no exact interpretations for such images: archaeology provides facts, while interpretations remain cautious.

At the foot of the cliffs, traces of later human activity can be found — ceramic fragments, stone tools, and the remains of campsites. This suggests that the site was used for a long time and likely played an important role for different groups of people passing through the Katun valley.

The climb to the rock pillars is short. The path passes through open terrain: the Katun riverbed, the ridges of the Kuminsky range, and the mixed forest characteristic of this part of Altay are all visible. On a clear day, the outlines of the drawings are clearly discernible — sunlight emphasizes the carved areas. The best time for viewing is morning or late afternoon, when the rocks do not produce glare.

Kuyus Grotto is a monument of archaeological significance. Its value lies in the concentration of images from different eras and its good state of preservation. Such places help us understand what the art of the ancient inhabitants of Altay looked like without romanticization or guesswork: simple lines, confident tool strokes, and clear silhouettes of animals that are still found in mountain regions today.

A walk here takes little time but gives an idea of how ancient and rich the cultural connections along the Katun were. This is one of those points where history is expressed directly on stone, without artificial additions or reconstructions.

Beltertyuk Waterfall is located near the village of Kuyus — about eight kilometers up the valley along a dirt road. The Beltertyuk stream, a tributary of the Katun, rushes toward its mouth, but just before joining the main river, it is interrupted: it forms two waterfall cascades in the rock above the river. The first, lower cascade begins right under the old bridge, where the water plunges from a ledge into a stone basin. The second — higher, at about twenty-nine meters — is located further upstream and can be reached by a short climb along a trail by the creek.

When the stream is full — in late spring or after heavy rains — Beltertyuk roars especially loudly: the flow is powerful, the water foams, the jets crash against the rocks, and the mist turns the light into a thin haze. In summer, the flow becomes calmer and the water clearer, while the valley itself stays green and cool. From the bridge spanning the mouth, there is a view of both cascades and the Katun, where the Beltertyuk flows in. The view is unusual: cliffs, greenery, forest, and the turquoise river, all framed by soft mountain light.

The road to the waterfall is not difficult, but it requires caution in some places — especially on gravel sections and when crossing the stream. Many travelers leave their cars at the "To the Waterfall" sign and walk the remaining 2−3 kilometers. Along the way, you will often find stones, a well-trodden path, sparse shrubs, and a forest that grows thicker as you ascend. On a hot day, it is cool in the shade of the trees; on a clear day, it is warm, with the sky visible through the foliage.

A visit to the waterfall usually takes about an hour. You can stop at the platform by the lower cascade and then climb higher to examine the upper ledge. From here, you can clearly see how the stream weaves between the stones and falls into a narrow stone bed.

The place is quiet and not overcrowded with tourists. Nearby landmarks include the Katun valley and the trail to the Kuyus Grotto petroglyphs. Therefore, Beltertyuk is often included in the district’s itinerary as another natural point accessible without a difficult hike.

On the way back, the trail leads to the bridge over the mouth of the stream. From here, the waterfall is fully visible, with the open valley and distant slopes beyond it. This is a convenient spot for a final look before returning to the road.

"Dragon's Teeth" is a prominent group of limestone rocks rising directly from the bed of the Katun near the village of Elekmonar. Their shape truly resembles a row of sharp stone plates set vertically. Because of these outlines, the place earned its popular name, and today it has become one of the signature landmarks on the Chemal Route.

The rocks are clearly visible from the bridge that connects the banks. Previously, a suspension bridge was located here, but it was later washed away by a flood and replaced by a more stable structure. It is not high, but thanks to its proximity to the rocks, it allows you to examine them almost at arm’s length. The water significantly accelerates at this point, and you can watch the flow split into several streams as it bypasses the stone outcrops.

The height of individual "teeth" reaches several meters. During the flood season, part of the ridge is almost hidden underwater, but in summer, the pattern of the rocks becomes clearer: the tilted layers of limestone and traces of natural erosion are visible. On a clear day, it is an excellent platform for observing the movement of the Katun — the water here has a deep green-turquoise hue, contrasting sharply with the dark stones.

The shore area near the bridge is convenient for a short stop. The approach takes just a couple of minutes with minimal incline. On one side, a view of the forested slope and the riverbed opens up; on the other, the rocks themselves. Due to their location in the center of the flow, this site stands out among other natural objects in the Chemal district.

The Dragon’s Teeth are surrounded by several local legends involving the hero Sartakpay and a mythical dragon.

According to legend, long ago, the hero Sartakpay lived in Altay. He loved these lands, watched the turbulent Katun, and thought about the people living on opposite sides of the river. If the river divides the shores, how can people communicate, travel, and meet? Then Sartakpay took a large stone from a mountain peak, crushed it in his hands, and threw it into the river. Legend has it that this is how the sharp rocks protruding from the water — the Dragon’s Teeth — appeared.

Over time, a crossing was indeed built on one of these rocks — first a suspension bridge, then a reliable road bridge. Today, you can cross the Katun channel via this bridge, connecting the banks; during the tourist season, a crossing fee may apply.

Sometimes another version is told: Sartakpay defeated a dragon that troubled the local lands by firing a well-aimed arrow. The monster’s body turned to stone, leaving the ridge in the river. Those stone spires — the "teeth" — became a memorial to that ancient battle.

For travelers, this place is attractive because it is accessible without a difficult climb and is truly expressive. Here, you can stop for a short while, walk across the bridge, and look at the rocks and the character of the river in this section. A visit to the Dragon’s Teeth is often combined with a trip to the Oroktoy Bridge or toward Elekmonar.

The village of Anos stands on the left bank of the Katun, at the foot of Mount Itkaya. A peaceful place near the main routes of the Chema’l district, this village is primarily known for the estate of the artist Grigory Ivanovich Choros-Gurkin.

Today, a branch of the Anokhin National Museum operates here. It opened on January 12, 2006 — on Gurkin’s birthday.

Choros-Gurkin is considered the founder of the fine arts of Gorny Altay. From 1903 to 1937, he lived and worked right here in Anos and built the estate with his own funds. It was not just a house: nearby were an art studio, a hexagonal ail, a garden and a pond, outbuildings, and an apiary. A significant part of his major works was created in these places — for example, "Khan-Altai," "Lake of Mountain Spirits," and "The Crown of the Katun."

At that time, Anos became a cultural center: scientists, writers, and artists came here. "Anos Evenings" were held in the village, musical works were performed, and the first free public library operated here.
A visit to the estate helps to better understand how Altay was perceived not just as a landscape, but as a cultural space.

There are many walking directions around the village: coastal paths along the Katun, pine groves, access to the water, and scenic viewpoints. Anos is a place where Altay is perceived not only through nature but also through the people who studied, described, and showed it to the world. That is why a stop here logically complements a journey through the Chemal district and helps to see the region more deeply.

Askat is a small village on the banks of the Katun, known far beyond the Chemal district. It is often called the village of masters: artists, ceramicists, carvers, blacksmiths, and people who have chosen craftsmanship as a way of life live here. Many arrived in the 1990s, while others were born here, but today Askat is one of the most creative spots on the entire Chemal Route.

The first things that greet a traveler are small galleries and workshops at the entrance to the village. Ceramics, handcrafted souvenirs, and works made of metal and wood are presented here. Okarinas — small wind instruments handmade by local masters — have gained particular fame. Among them, you can find pieces shaped like birds, animals, or stylized nature spirits. Their sound is soft and somewhat mellow, yet very expressive; they are often purchased as musical souvenirs.

Several private galleries are located in the center of the village. One of the most famous is the exhibition hall of the Golovan family, where you can see paintings, ceramics, small sculptures, and decorative works. During the warm season, many sculptures are displayed right in the courtyard, making the space look like a small open-air museum.

A distinct point in Askat that people often talk about is the so-called stone "Masters' Laboratory." The name is unofficial but has stuck well. It is a small area where craftsmen experiment with stone: creating stone compositions, laying mosaics, and testing textures and forms. Some of the works remain on-site, while others are sent to galleries and estates. To the observer, it resembles both an open-air workshop and a unique workspace for artisans.

Askat is perfect for a leisurely stroll. The galleries are located within walking distance of one of another, and in about an hour and a half, you can cover the entire route: from the first workshops at the entrance to the "Masters' Laboratory." The path passes among houses, gardens, and small plots, with views of the Katun and the slopes of neighboring ridges visible between the buildings.

Unlike large museums, there is no rigid structure here. A master might come out to meet you, talk about their work, or show you a kiln, a potters wheel, or a tool. Some offer short masterclasses, while others simply chat with guests. This is one of those places where the creative environment feels like a real part of daily life rather than a backdrop for tourists.

Askat is a small village but a significant cultural magnet. If you are traveling through Altay, a stop here provides a wonderful contrast to natural locations: after the mountains, rivers, and passes, you get to meet people who know how to work with materials and create their own artistic version of Altay.

Seminsky Pass is one of the key landmarks on the Chuya Highway. It is located at the 583rd kilometer mark and crosses the Seminsky range between the peaks of Sarlyk and Tiyakhta. The pass sits at an altitude of 1,717 meters above sea level. For many travelers, this is the first true encounter with the mountains: the air, the temperature, the character of the forest, and the very feeling of the road all change here.

For a long time, the pass was truly difficult to traverse: in winter, deep snow blocked the way, and from spring to autumn, the trails were washed out by rain and meltwater. For centuries, this place held strategic importance: ancient trade and military routes passed through here; Scythian detachments and Mongol-Tatar troops once moved across this ridge. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the path remained complex and unreliable. Only in the 1920s did the construction of a proper road begin.

The Altay people have a special relationship with mountain passes. Since ancient times, such points have been considered vital parts of the journey, and travelers would stop here to perform a small ritual to ensure a successful trip. One should ascend slowly, trying not to make noise or disturb the surrounding order: do not litter, do not break branches, and do not damage natural objects. These are considered zones of peace where spirits reside; therefore, it is important to maintain silence, avoid loud talk, and abstain from alcohol — rules that are still observed today.

The climb to the saddle takes about nine kilometers. The road gains altitude gradually, and the vegetation changes as you move: first a mixed forest, then the cedar groves. The air becomes noticeably cooler, and the outlines of the slopes appear through the trees. The descent from the pass — about eleven kilometers long — leads into a different valley with its own unique relief and climate.

At the summit stands a stela — a recognizable symbol of the Seminsky Pass. From here, you can clearly see how the road crosses a natural boundary: Northern Altay remains on one side, while Central Altay begins on the other. It is not a sharp border, but the transition is felt through the landscape and the surrounding space.

Today, the pass is a convenient place for a short stop. Here, you can get out of the car, explore the saddle of the ridge, have a snack in one of the cafes, or visit the market offering souvenirs, cedar products, and goods from Mongolia. Afterward, the road descends once more, and within minutes, both the forest view and the air temperature change. The Seminsky Pass remains behind as the first high point of the Chuya Highway and one of its most memorable sections.

Moving along the valley of the Chuya Highway, at approximately the 659th-kilometer mark, the road begins to rise noticeably — this is the start of the Chike-Taman Pass.

Its altitude is about 1,295 meters above sea level. Here, the highway climbs a spur of the Terektinsky range and is literally carved into the cliffs: the asphalt runs along a narrow ledge, and sharp turns form a classic mountain serpentine.

The ascent to Chike-Taman begins after the Ilgumeni valley. For several kilometers, the road gains altitude quite rapidly. The car traces arcs, turn after turn, and within a few minutes, you can see the valley below receding deeper and deeper. The slopes grow steeper, scree slopes appear, and through gaps in the forest, views open up to neighboring ridges and the wide bed of the Katun.

Although this pass is lower than the Seminsky, it is here that many travelers first experience a true mountain serpentine: tight sequences of turns, high cliffs, and short straight sections. From below, the highway looks almost like a vertical stripe on the slope, and only when you get closer do you realize how carefully the road is integrated into the terrain.

Today, the road surface on the pass is good, with barriers, markings, and signs installed along the way. However, the relief remains challenging, and the driver must stay alert: speed must be controlled, and on some bends, the steering wheel is constantly in motion.

An observation deck is located at the summit of Chike-Taman. There is a small parking lot, a cafe, souvenir stalls, and a memorial sign honoring the builders of the Chuya Highway. From the deck, you can walk a little higher along a path to additional viewpoints. From there, you can clearly see the loops of the serpentine, the valleys of the Bolshaya and Malaya Ilgumeni, and the lines of the old road used before the modern highway was built. This "old line" serves as a reminder that Chike-Taman was an important passage long before asphalt: merchant caravans with goods and military troops once moved along these mountain trails. Archaeologists have found traces of an ancient road near the pass used by travelers and caravanners as far back as the 10th to 12th centuries.

The old route was narrower and more dangerous: a horse track with dozens of sharp turns, which later became a single-lane highway with passing pockets. Drivers would sound their horns in advance so that oncoming cars could hide in the widenings in time. Today, fragments of this road are overgrown, but they can still be spotted on the opposite slopes if you look closely. Researchers also link this passage to the northern branch of the Great Silk Road. In the vicinity of the pass, there are even individual finds associated with military campaigns, including a detail from a chariot from the era of Tamerlane.

A stop at the pass usually doesn’t take much time. People get out of their cars to look at the road from above and below, take a few photos, and buy tea or local souvenirs. From here, you can see the Chuya Highway stretching further toward Onguday and the higher regions of Altay.

After a short pause, the journey continues. The serpentine gradually gives way to gentler sections, and it becomes clear what a remarkable stretch of road you have left behind: an expressive mountain pass where the road is meticulously woven into the complex landscape.

The village of Maly Yaloman is located on the banks of the Katun, at the confluence of the river of the same name, on one of the most expressive sections of the Chuya Highway. Here, the river, emerging from the open high-mountain steppes, encounters hard rocky spurs. It makes two sharp loops over a short distance and changes the direction of its bed by almost ninety degrees. In this bend, protected by the terrain, the village is nestled.

Maly Yaloman has existed since the 17th century. Despite the harsh appearance of the terrain, it is known as one of the most unusual agricultural spots in Gorny Altay. The village is located in a high-mountain semi-desert zone, but it was here in the mid-20th century that Siberian scientists created a large experimental industrial-type orchard. A rare microclimate has formed in the Katun valley: plenty of sun, relatively mild winters, and warm nights associated with foehn winds. These conditions proved to be suitable for horticulture.

In 1953, a fruit nursery covering more than 37 hectares was established in the vicinity of Maly Yaloman. Apples, pears, plums, and sea buckthorn were grown here, and in some years, even apricots ripened. During its years of operation, more than 120 varieties of fruit and berry crops were bred and tested. A complex irrigation system was created for the orchard — without it, farming in this arid region would have been impossible. The canals still pass directly through the village in some places today.

For several decades, the Yaloman orchards supplied fruit not only to Gorny Altay but also to other regions of Siberia. From the end of the 20th century, the farm fell into decline, the trees aged, and irrigation ceased. However, in recent years, work has begun to restore the orchards and the irrigation system, and this unique experience is once again becoming a part of the village’s life.

Maly Yaloman is a place where the steppe, the river, the road, and human labor have coexisted for several centuries. Here, it is especially clear how natural conditions shape a way of life and how people adapt to the landscape.

The Ininsky Bridge is located near the village of Inya, at the 356th-kilometer mark of the Chuya Highway, and is clearly visible from the modern road. This is an old suspension bridge over the Katun, built in 1936 and preserved today as a monument to engineering and the history of the highway.

The bridge appeared during a period of active construction on the Chuya Highway, when the ferry crossing over the Katun could no longer handle the growing traffic. The project was developed by Sergey Afanasyevich Tsaplin — a young engineer, at that time still a student, who was passionate about the theory of suspension bridges. It was here that his idea for a two-chain suspension structure was realized, a design never before used in Russia. In essence, the Ininsky Bridge became the first two-chain suspension bridge of its type in the country.

The total length of the bridge’s deck is 142 meters, with a central span over the river of approximately 100 meters. Reinforced concrete pylons, 21 meters high, were built in the form of swaying frames through which the chains are slung, anchored into plates on the riverbanks. For its time, this was a technically bold and complex structure designed for automobile traffic.

Construction was carried out under harsh conditions and almost entirely by hand. Local materials were used: the residents of Inya harvested larch wood, and the cables were twisted right on the ice of the frozen Katun. Work continued through winter and spring, day and night, and in April 1936, the bridge passed its tests — six loaded ZIS trucks drove across it simultaneously. In May of the same year, the bridge was officially opened and put into operation.

The Ininsky Bridge served until 1970, after which traffic was moved to a new reinforced concrete bridge built nearby. The old crossing was closed but not dismantled. In 1994, it was recognized as a cultural heritage site of the Russian Federation.

Today, the Ininsky Bridge is not a transport facility but a historical point on the Chuya Highway. It fits perfectly into the surrounding landscape: the turbulent Katun below, stony banks, and open views of the valley. You can approach the bridge on the right bank of the river from the village of Inya, following the old path of the highway.

This crossing serves as a reminder of the time when the road through Altay was just taking shape, and engineering solutions were often born right on the spot — out of necessity, experience, and bold ideas. The Ininsky Bridge remains one of the most expressive testimonies of that era.

The confluence of the Chuya and Katun is located at the 713th kilometer of the Chuya Highway, near the village of Chuy-Oozy. This is an easily accessible and visually striking point of the route: it takes only a few minutes from the highway to reach the observation deck, and it is accessible by any vehicle. The platform is situated on a high terrace, offering a direct view of the junction where the two largest rivers of Gorny Altay meet.

The Katun originates on the southern slope of the Katunsky range, at the foot of Mount Belukha, and is considered the main artery of the region. In ancient Turkic tradition, the river’s name is associated with the meanings "mistress" or "queen." The Chuya — a right tributary of the Katun — begins much further east, in the marshy areas of the western slopes of the Chikhachyov range and the northern slopes of the Saylyugem. Before meeting the Katun, the Chuya passes through the Chuya and Kuray steppes, where its character changes noticeably.

From this height, the main reason people stop here is clearly visible: the difference in the water. During the warm season, the Katun most often has a turquoise or greenish-blue hue — it is fed by glaciers and deeper mountain springs. The Chuya, in contrast, carries a lot of sediment: its color is closer to milky-gray or brownish. At the confluence, the two streams flow side by side for some time, hardly mixing, and the boundary between them is clearly readable even from the platform. This is a vivid example of how the different origins of rivers are reflected in their color and flow structure.

The mouth itself has a classic shape: a wide valley, a calm expansion of the riverbeds, and smooth capes. From here, you can easily see how the Chuya approaches the Katun in a straighter line, while the main river continues its journey, collecting the waters of all Altay. The wind here often changes direction — it can come from the dry Chuya valley or the more humid Katun valley, which is palpable even during a short stop.

The local name for this area — Chuy-Oozy — literally translates as "the mouth of the Chuya." Since ancient times, such points have held special significance: river confluences are the best landmarks for navigating space and understanding the direction of valleys and paths. It is no coincidence that many archaeological monuments are concentrated nearby — burial mounds, deer stones, and ancient campsites. Researchers believe that important land routes once passed through this district.

If you wish, you can descend closer to the water via a path. In spring, you must be especially careful: the river levels are high, and the current is strong. In summer and early autumn, the descent is easier, and by the water, you can better hear how the flows "talk" to each other: the heavier Chuya produces a short, sharp wave, while the Katun responds with a smoother, deeper movement.

The confluence of the Chuya and Katun is a vital geographical hub of the Chuya Highway. Here, the Chuya’s journey through open steppe valleys ends, and its movement within the system of the great Katun begins, which further flows toward the Biya to form the Ob. For travelers, this is a clear point of transition: beyond it, the more open spaces of Central Altay begin, while the passes, narrow gorges, and tight valleys are left behind.

Kalbak-Tash is located on the Chuya Highway, on the right bank of the Chuya River, approximately ten kilometers from its confluence with the Katun. The name "Kalbak-Tash" is usually translated as "flat" or "even stone," which is an accurate description of the area: a bom — a rocky cliff hugging the river — stretches along the highway, and nearly three thousand drawings are collected on its smooth slabs.

Kalbak-Tash is a multi-layered stone chronicle spanning a vast period: from the Neolithic to the Ancient Turkic era. The earliest subjects date back to the 6th-4th millennia BCE: large figures of animals such as deer, goats, and occasionally camels. Next comes the richest layer — the Eneolithic and Bronze Age: scenes featuring people, chariots and wagons, pack oxen, drivers and warriors, domestic animals, and fantastic predators. The famous "Altai Chimera" motif dates back to this same time — an image of a mythical beast that researchers interpret as being linked to the mythology of ancient communities.

The Scythian period is recognizable by its dynamism: hunting scenes and a multitude of animals including goats, marals, and predators. The later Ancient Turkic images provide different details: wild bulls, bears, hunting, and, most importantly, runic inscriptions. This is a rare opportunity to see both art and writing in one location: short texts, some of which are already deciphered, while others remain a subject of debate. The technique also shows that the monument "lived" for a long time: early images were pecked out with stone tools, while later ones were often made with metal.

Accessing the site today is easy, but it is best viewed without rushing. There is an entrance fee, and you can visit either independently or with a guide. The drawings are distributed across several sections of the cliffs, and much depends on the light: fine lines are easier to read during the day, while the relief of the carvings becomes more prominent in the evening. If you walk slowly, the narratives begin to "assemble": hunting scenes, roads and wagons, individual signs, and human figures. Kalbak-Tash is valued for precisely this — here, on the stone, not just a single episode but an entire picture of the lives and beliefs of the people who passed through these valleys over thousands of years has been preserved.

Driving along the Ulagan Route, about fifteen kilometers from the village of Aktash, the road enters a narrow cleft between two cliffs — this is the place known as the Red Gate. On both sides, sheer walls about fifty meters high loom overhead, with the entire highway passing between them. The rocks are colored in a distinctive reddish-coral tone, which immediately sets this section of the road apart.

An old Altay legend is connected to this place. It is said that the hero Kaylyuk, while pursuing a giant, pushed the cliffs apart with his shoulders, and traces of his blood remained on the stone. The legend explains the color of the rocks, but the real reason is different: the rocks contain the mineral cinnabar (mercury sulfide), which gives them their rich red hue. On a sunny day, the color appears bright and almost fiery; in overcast weather, it looks deep and calm.

Despite its natural appearance, the Red Gate is the result of human labor. Until the beginning of the 20th century, there was only a trail here suitable for foot and horse travel. When the road was being laid, the cliffs were partially blasted, a bridge over the Chibitka River was built nearby, and this narrow passage was formed. Nevertheless, the shape of the gorge and the scale of the walls have been preserved, and the place is still perceived as a natural corridor.

The Red Gate is one of the rare sections of the route where you can clearly see how tight the passage was before the road was built. The cliffs approach the roadbed closely, exposing cracks, stratified rock layers, and signs of expansion. Below, the Chibitka gurgles, and its riverbed makes it easy to understand how water and mountains have interacted in such a narrow space for centuries.

If you step closer to the rocks, you can notice a human trace in the literal sense: an inscription has been preserved here that reads, "S. D. Kuyukov, May 16, 1946, With God I return to the Motherland." This is a rare historical mark that is preserved here as part of the human memory associated with this place. Otherwise, efforts are made to protect the rocks from new markings.

The Red Gate is an important landmark for the route. After passing them, the road gradually moves into the harsher regions of the Ulagan Highlands: the terrain changes, and the sense of altitude and open space increases. That is why people often make a short stop here — to look back, feel the scale of the place, and realize that a different Altay begins ahead.

Not far from Aktash, just off the Chuya Highway, lies a small lake known as Geyser Lake or the Blue Lake. It sits at the foot of a hill, in the shadow of the Kuray Range, and the walk to it takes only a few minutes. From the parking lot, a wooden boardwalk leads to the shore — a short, comfortable path through a spruce and larch forest. There is an entrance fee, as the area is protected and kept in order.

The lake is small: about thirty meters in diameter and approximately two meters deep, situated at an altitude of about 1,310 meters. The water is exceptionally clear, and even on an overcast day, the bottom is plainly visible. The turquoise hue is caused by bluish clay and bottom sediments; they make the water appear colored, though the water itself is pure. The lake is spring-fed, constantly refreshed by underground springs and a small stream.

The main attraction is the shifting patterns on the lakebed. Sometimes they look like multi-layered circles and ovals, with a gradient from light azure to deeper turquoise. These patterns are "alive": they are created by underground springs that pulse from time to time, lifting thin layers of mineral clay and sand from the bottom. There are no actual geysers here — the name comes from these underwater eruptions. If you are lucky, you might witness the moment when new circles slowly unfurl beneath the surface; predicting exactly when this will happen next is impossible.

There is no precise information regarding the lake’s origin. It is sometimes mentioned that it became more prominent after the 2003 earthquake, but this remains a theory. However, one fact is certain: the water almost never freezes in winter, as the underground springs maintain a temperature higher than the surrounding environment.

The climate in this part of Altay is fickle: due to the mountainous terrain, the weather can change abruptly. Even in summer, it is not uncommon for warm sunshine to be followed by a cold wind, rain, or even wet snow — a typical occurrence for the Kuray Valley.

Swimming in the lake is strictly prohibited. The bottom is fragile; if disturbed, the patterns may disappear for a long time. It is best to visit in the morning or late afternoon when there are fewer people. A visit usually doesn’t take much time, but witnessing the "work" of the springs in person is a rare and memorable experience.

The Aktashsky Repeater is located on one of the highest sections of the Kuray Range, near the village of Aktash. It is a radio-relay tower installed at an altitude of 3,038 meters above sea level. Today, it is primarily perceived as a viewpoint, but it was originally part of a large communication system connecting remote areas of Altay with each other and with Mongolia.

The ascent begins directly from the village. At first, the road passes through the forest, then emerges onto open rocky slopes with sharp turns and uneven surfaces. After rain, the route becomes significantly more difficult, so it is most often reached by off-road vehicles. A hike to the top is possible but requires a lot of time and good physical fitness.

The higher you go, the more noticeably the landscape changes. The forest remains below, and the high-altitude zone begins — with stone screes, sparse vegetation, and strong winds. Due to the altitude, snow can remain here until mid-summer and reappear as early as the beginning of autumn. The air is dry and clear, the weather changes rapidly, and even on a warm day, it can suddenly turn very cold.

From the summit, one of the widest views in the Aktash district opens up. The Severo-Chuysky Range, the Kuray Steppe, and the Chuya River valley are clearly visible. In clear and calm weather, the gaze stretches far — sometimes you can even spot Mount Belukha. From this height, the terrain is easy to read: glacial tongues on distant peaks, sharp rocky ridges, and wide steppe spaces transitioning into mountains.

The repeater itself was built in the early 1980s as part of a radio-relay backbone passing through high-altitude points. Since the early 2000s, it has operated autonomously, providing communication in this area. Surrounding it are metal structures and technical buildings without tourist infrastructure, but there are level areas where you can stop and look around.

A trip here is rarely a long walk — rather, it is a journey to one specific point. But the road itself is as memorable as the summit: the changes in altitude, the rocky ground, and the sense of open space. The Aktashsky Repeater allows you to see Altay from a height where the scale of the mountains, steppes, and the distances between them is especially palpable.

Welcome to the high-altitude world of Altay! We are approaching one of the most spectacular sections of the Chuya Highway — the Kuray Steppe is opening up ahead. Located at approximately the 824th kilometer of the highway, squeezed between two mighty ranges, it is the true desert heart of Gorny Altay.

The steppe itself is not just a plain, but a vast intermontane basin situated at an altitude of about one and a half thousand meters above sea level. Take a look at the landscape. It is always cold and sunny here; the frost-free period lasts only two months a year, and the scenery is more reminiscent of Mongolia than Siberia.
The main river, the Chuya, winds sinuously through the basin. But the Kuray Steppe is famous for more than just its harsh beauty. Scientists believe this basin was once the floor of an ancient glacial lake that vanished about fifteen thousand years ago following a colossal natural disaster. The resulting flood was one of the most powerful in Earth’s history. Proof of this lies right beneath your feet: notice the giant, wave-like hills of boulders and pebbles called Giant Current Ripples. These ridges can reach twenty meters in height — a rare landscape on our planet known as a scabland.

But what truly takes your breath away is the view to the south. The Kuray Steppe is the perfect observation deck for the Severo-Chuysky Range. Its peaks, reaching heights of over four thousand meters, are capped year-round with snow-white glaciers; it is no wonder they are called the Chuya Belki (the "White Peaks"). in good weather, you can spot massive ice fields that radiate an icy breath even in mid-summer.

In addition to natural phenomena, the Kuray Steppe holds ancient secrets. Archaeological monuments abound in this valley: burial mounds, stone statues, rock carvings, and even traces of ancient irrigation systems. Researchers associate these sites with a unique ancient Turkic tradition known as the "Kuray Culture." Stone statues from the 7th-9th centuries are found in these steppes, some bearing runic inscriptions and drawings. The most famous of these is the Kezer statue: it was erected in the 8th century on the left bank of the Chuya, in the Tete area near the modern village of Kuray. Kezer depicts a man with a long mustache and beard; the figure is about 1.6 meters tall and was originally buried in the ground up to its knees. In 1972, Kezer was moved to the Anokhin National Museum in Gorno-Altaysk, where it is kept today.

And here is what an ancient legend says about these lands. Long ago, a warrior named Kuray and his beloved Chuya lived in these parts. When a cruel Khan attacked their people, Kuray took a magic sword and fought the enemy host. He triumphed but was struck by a poisoned arrow. As he lay dying, he begged his beloved to flee as far as possible. In her grief, Chuya turned into a river to wind forever through the steppe, while Kuray himself turned to stone, becoming the granite idol Kezer-Tash. Since then, the steppe has borne his name, and its stone guardian watches over these vast expanses.

The next stop will transport you from Earth straight to another planet. Welcome to the Kyzyl-Chin valley, better known as Altai Mars. This is one of the most extraordinary places in the Kosh-Agach district, situated at an altitude of about 1,800 meters above sea level. To reach the main locations, you must turn off the Chuya Highway at the village of Chagan-Uzun (near the 864th-kilometer mark) and drive about five kilometers along a dirt road. The route follows the valleys of the Kyzyl-Chin and Chagan-Uzun rivers, passing near small settlements.

Before you lies something fantastic: an entire valley painted in incredible shades of red, orange, yellow, green, and purple. These mountains have long held the unofficial names "Mars-1," "Mars-2," and "Mars-3." This is no optical illusion or photo filter — these colors truly exist in nature and appear most vibrantly in sunny weather or closer to sunset.

Why is there so much color here? The slopes of the Kyzyl-Chin mountains are composed of multicolored clays and sandstones. These rocks contain various metal oxides. For example, red and orange tones are created by iron oxide, while yellow and greenish hues come from traces of other minerals. Over time, these layers were lifted and deformed by tectonic processes, while wind and water sculpted them into their characteristic relief of stripes, waves, and soft contours.

The territory is conventionally divided into three areas:

• "Mars-1" is the most accessible and recognizable part of the valley, dominated by rich crimson-burgundy colors and narrow clay canyons.
• "Mars-2" is located further away and features a more complex color palette: light, almost white, lilac, and purple stripes appear here.
• "Mars-3" is another point in the Kyzyl-Chin system of colored hills, chosen by those who want to see the valley without the crowds. It is visited less frequently as it lies further from the main "postcard" zone and depends more on the condition of the dirt road. Travelers describe "Mars-3" as a calmer, more spacious location with fewer people and a greater sense of an open valley where colors appear in wide patches and stripes on the slopes.

In addition to the unusual landscapes, the Kyzyl-Chin valley is of great interest to scientists. The rock layers were formed in different geological eras when the climate and landscape of Altay differed significantly from today. Fossilized remains of ancient vegetation and traces of life from millions of years ago are sometimes found here.

The local people call this place Kyzyl-Chin, which means "Red Gorge." The name perfectly captures its appearance, especially in the warm season when the colorful slopes contrast with the sky and sparse steppe vegetation. The climate here is fickle: it can be warm during the day but turn sharply cold by evening, so keep the altitude and open terrain in mind.

Be sure to take a walk through these landscapes. The most expressive views open up in the morning and evening hours, when the sunlight emphasizes the relief and makes the colors especially deep. Altai Mars is a place where conventional ideas of mountains and landscapes cease to apply, and your journey along the Chuya Highway suddenly takes on an entirely different dimension.

Advancing further from the main Mars-1, we enter the territory of Mars-2. While Mars-1 strikes you with its deep red tones, this location inspires wonder with its many layers and the diversity of its palette.
Getting here is more difficult: you will have to ford the shallow but wide Chagan-Uzun River. However, the effort will be well rewarded.

Before you lies a true geological section. The hills at Mars-2 are higher and more extensive, and their slopes resemble giant layered cakes. Here, the alternation of rock layers is especially visible: dark purple, brown, greenish, white, and yellow strata are laid out in horizontal stripes. Each color corresponds to a specific geological period and chemical composition. For example, the white layers often consist of quartz sand, while the purple ones contain a high concentration of manganese.

We owe this beauty and uniqueness to ancient water flows. It is believed that millions of years ago, this valley was the mouth of a large river that carried clay sediments of various colors. Over time, these sediments were compressed and hardened, and tectonic shifts lifted them, exposing the multilayered structure. Weathering and erosion completed the work.

Mars-2 is also a place where archaeologists and paleontologists find many traces of the past. In addition to fossils, ancient runic inscriptions and petroglyphs are located here, which the Altay people called Bichiktu-Boom — the "Written Cliff." Ancient nomads passing along the Chuya Highway believed that this place possessed a special power.

Local residents consider the Kyzyl-Chin mountains sacred. Their reverence is so deep that taking stones from here to bring home is considered a bad omen. This place demands respect; it is ideal for simply standing still, feeling the majesty of the mountains and the silent stillness in which millions of years of history have frozen.

Be sure to walk along the crests of the hills. From there, panoramic views open up over the entire Kyzyl-Chin valley, framed to the north by the Kuray Range, which we passed earlier.

The Chagan-Uzun River is life itself in this harsh, almost lifeless landscape we have just called "Mars." Its name in the Alta’y language means "white river" or "long river." It is this very water artery, a tributary of the Chu’ya, that carved its path through the multicolored clay rocks, creating the famous Kyzy’l-Chi'n valley.

The Chagan-Uzun valley, where you are now, is a true textbook on geology. When you look at the brightly colored slopes, it is important to remember that millions of years ago, this area was part of the vast Chuya glacial-dammed lake. The river, carrying sedimentary rocks, formed a long and narrow bay here. The specifics of its structure can still be seen today in the form of delicate patterns of varved clays on the slopes and the outlines of ancient lake terraces perched high above the current riverbed.

But the valley is famous for more than just its ancient history; it has been inhabited by humans since deep antiquity. Near the mouth of the Chagan-Uzun River and its right tributaries lies one of the richest complexes of petroglyphs in Altay. Ancient artists, likely the Telengits, left hundreds of drawings on the rocks, created using a stippling technique: hunting scenes, images of animals and people, as well as runic inscriptions telling of the lives and beliefs of nomads.

In the Chagan-Uzun area, there are also lesser-known but equally expressive locations. If you go deeper into the valley, you can see the so-called "Moon" — an area of white and gray hills composed of varved clays and glaciolacustrine deposits. These cold, almost vegetation-free slopes contrast sharply with the red Martian landscapes and truly resemble the surface of Earth’s satellite. Once, this was the bottom of an ancient body of water, and the sediments accumulated over millennia have been preserved in almost pristine form. This area is less visited, making it especially photogenic and peaceful.

The Chagan-Uzun River valley is a space where science and history converge. It vividly demonstrates how ancient natural processes shaped a landscape that still looks extraordinary today, remaining a vital part of the great journey along the Chuya Highway.

Welcome to perhaps the most enigmatic space in the Altai Republic! The Tarkhata Megalithic Complex, often called the Altai Stonehenge, is located in the Chuya Steppe, near the road leading towards Jazator and the Ukok Plateau. It is an open, almost treeless expanse where the horizon feels exceptionally wide, and any shapes on the ground immediately draw the eye. Against the backdrop of the steppe, the circle of large stones is visible from afar — it is not hidden by the terrain and seems deliberately placed at the center of the landscape.

The complex consists of a stone circle about sixty meters in diameter. Along its perimeter are massive boulders, some reaching two to four meters in height. The largest stone measures approximately six by four by five meters. Several megaliths stand out due to their shape and position and have earned their own names: the "Warrior," the "Stone with a Crack," the "Stone with a Nose," the "Sphinx," and the "Cradle of Sartakpay." They are arranged to act as landmarks for the cardinal points, forming a kind of "gate" within the circle.

Petroglyphs are clearly visible on the surface of the stones. These include images of animals — bulls, sheep, deer, goats, camels — as well as mythical characters and symbolic scenes. Based on their style and execution, the drawings date back to the Bronze Age, meaning the complex already existed at that time and was used by people for whom these images held great significance.

Scientific research on the complex began in 1994, with archaeologists, geophysicists, and astronomers later working on the site. Scientists established that the stones are laid out with high precision according to the cardinal points, and the placement of individual boulders was evidently intentional.

There are several scientific hypotheses regarding the purpose of the complex. One links it to the functions of an ancient observatory. According to researchers' calculations, about four thousand years ago, on the summer solstice, a ray of sunlight would strike a specific point inside the circle associated with the stone known as the "Cradle of Sartakpay." While the shift in the Earth’s axial tilt over time has disrupted this precise geometry, the idea of the complex’s calendrical or astronomical use is considered well-founded.

Another version suggests a ritual purpose. The shapes of some stones resemble animal or human figures, and the petroglyphs contain themes related to mythology and fertility rites. Most likely, the Tarkhata complex was a multifunctional site where celestial observation was combined with ceremonies and tribal gatherings.
Today, the Tarkhata Megalithic Complex remains one of the most unusual archaeological sites in Altay. There are no buildings, fences, or clearly marked trails here. If you stand in the center of the circle in calm weather, many report unusual physical sensations, though there is no scientific explanation for this effect yet.

In the Chuya Steppe, where the landscape appears simple and austere, the Tarkhata complex serves as a reminder that this territory was a vital cultural and spiritual space long before the appearance of modern roads and borders.

We are entering one of the most ancient and natural regions of Altay. Our path lies past the Bely Kamen (White Stone) rock massif, or, as the Altay people call it, "Almys-Tuu Boom." Directly before you, at a height of about 50 meters above the Charysh River, lies the entrance to the Ust-Kanskaya Cave.

This cave is a true time capsule. It is a vast and dry grotto, only 17 meters long and up to 12 meters high. Because the entrance faces south, it has always been dry and warm inside — ideal conditions for ancient human life.

The Ust-Ka'nskaya Cave gained world fame in 1954 when archaeologist Sergey Rudenko discovered a Paleolithic site here. This was the first such ancient human settlement found in the territory of all North Asia. Its age is estimated in the tens, and by some accounts, even hundreds of thousands of years. In the cultural layers of the cave, archaeologists found crude stone and bone tools — scrapers, incisors, and points — as well as the bones of extinct animals, including the spiral-horned antelope, which disappeared from Altay even earlier than mammoths and rhinoceroses. In fact, we are standing before the oldest human home in Siberia.

Today, a well-maintained wooden staircase of 420 steps leads to the cave entrance, with several observation decks offering a magnificent view of the Charysh River valley.

The cave, which served as a refuge for the first humans, also has a mystical subtext. The Altay name of the mountain, "Almys-Tuu Boom," translates as "Mountain of the Almyses." In local mythology, Almyses are mythical creatures, half-human and half-beast. According to folk beliefs, these mysterious beings lived exactly in this cave, and some legends claim that on the night of a full moon, the walls of the cave can part, releasing the Almyses into the world of men.

The Ust-Kanskaya Cave is a place where the history of the planet meets mythology. It is not just a natural grotto, but a specially protected cultural heritage site of federal significance and a symbol that Altay was one of the first regions inhabited by humans.

Near the center of the village of Verkh-Uymon lies an estate that has forever linked Altay with the name of the great Russian artist, philosopher, and traveler — Nicholas Roerich.

This house belonged to the Old Believer Vakhramey Semyonovich Atamanov. It was here, in this simple Siberian log house, that Roerich, his wife Helena, and their eldest son George stayed for two weeks in August 1926 during their monumental Central Asian Expedition.

At first glance, it is an ordinary peasant house of the late 19th century. Yet, its atmosphere and the picturesque surroundings of the Uymon Valley, which Roerich called a "bowl filled with treasures," became for him a profound inspiration and a vital landmark on his journey.

Today, the estate has been transformed into the Roerich Memorial Museum. The exhibition is dedicated not only to art but also to the philosophy and the route of the expedition. You will see:

• Detailed maps of the Central Asian route.
• A photo archive of the Roerich family and their expedition.
• Reproductions of paintings by Nicholas and Svetoslav Roerich, created under the influence of Altay and the myth of Belovodye.

Of particular interest is the second floor of the house, where the Roerich family lived. In his diary, Nicholas Roerich described the Katun as a welcoming river and considered the mountains surrounding the valley a place from which to begin the search for the sacred land.

For Roerich, Altay was a gateway and a possible "magnet" for Shambala. He believed that it was here that the entrance to the mysterious Belovodye — the spiritual center of the world, hidden from the eyes of the uninitiated — could be found. A visit to the museum allows for a deeper understanding of how the artist and thinker integrated Altay legends, ancient beliefs, and his own philosophy of Living Ethics (Agni Yoga) into his work.

The Roerich Museum in Verkh-Uymon is a pilgrimage site for followers of his teachings and for all who seek not only beauty but also a deep, esoteric meaning in the mountains of Altay.

Walking just a few houses away from the Roerich estate, we find ourselves before another ancient log cabin that preserves the living history of the valley. Welcome to the Museum of the History and Culture of the Uymon Valley, more commonly known as the Museum of Old Believer Culture.

This museum is the brainchild and embodiment of the enthusiasm of Raisa Pavlovna Kuchuganova, a distinguished teacher and collector of local folklore. It is housed in an authentic 170-year-old home of the Ivanov family, which is a valuable exhibit in its own right.

The museum is dedicated to the life, daily routines, and spiritual traditions of the Old Believers, who played a decisive role in the development and preservation of the Uymon Valley. Unlike other local history museums, the atmosphere here is that of a lived-in, albeit ascetic, home. The exhibits have been gathered from all over Altay and accurately recreate the life of a Russian cabin from the 18th and 19th centuries:

• Ascetic furnishings and modest furniture reflecting the principle of rejecting luxury.
• The "Red Corner" (Krasny Ugol) featuring ancient icons and handwritten books.
• Household items and tools used by the Kamenshchiki (the "stone-dwellers") to survive in harsh mountain conditions.

Special attention is paid to the culture and traditions of the Old Believers: their unique dialect, handicrafts, attitude toward nature, and hospitality. The museum focuses on the spiritual journey of people who, since the 17th century, moved further and further east to escape church reforms and persecution. Following an edict by Catherine the Great in the late 18th century, the Old Believers were granted the right to subjects' status and began actively settling the Katun valley and its tributaries. Thus, the Uymon Valley became for them the very place where they could live "according to the old faith," away from external pressure.

Over time, a convergence of cultures took place. Russian settlers adopted Altay methods of mountain travel and natural lore, while the indigenous people learned large-scale farming and the use of Russian tools. In this way, a unique world was formed in the Uymon Valley — strict and hardworking, yet resilient and self-sustaining.

While here, you will understand how vital "purity" was to the Old Believers: purity of thought, purity of the home, and purity of clothing. This was not just a rule, but a core part of their spiritual path.
A visit to this museum provides a deep understanding of the Russian cultural layer in Altay, which exists alongside the ancient Altay culture. This is not merely an exhibition, but an immersion into the world of the Uymon Kerzhaks.

If you are looking for a peaceful stroll without steep climbs or complex routes, head to the confluence of the Koksa and Katun rivers. This is one of those places you don’t need to plan a special trip for — it is located right next to Ust-Koksa and is perfect for light day trekking.

The route begins almost in the center of the village. From the pedestrian suspension bridge over the Koksa, it is only about an eight-hundred-meter walk. After crossing the bridge, you immediately find yourself in a birch grove. The trail starts here: it follows the riverbank, gently curving along the bends of the river amidst the grass and light forest. The path is simple and pleasant, with no sharp changes in altitude.

After a short while, you reach a branch of the Koksa. In dry weather, it is easy to ford — the water is shallow and transparent, with the stones on the bottom clearly visible. Further on, the trail allows you to choose your direction: you can walk closer to the bank of the Katun or stay along the Koksa. At this point, the rivers flow very close to each other, as if already sensing their approaching encounter.

The final point of the route is a sharp cape that locals call "Strelka" (The Arrow). From here, you can clearly see the two rivers meet: the turquoise, powerful Katun and the light, clear Koksa. Their waters do not mix for a long time, forming a distinct boundary — a rare and very visual natural phenomenon. The Katun here is already deep and swift, while the Koksa remains calm and clear.

The entire walk is about two kilometers one way and is perfect for an unhurried day outing. People often stop here just to sit on the bank, watch the water, and listen to the current of the rivers. It is not a place of "wow-effects," but rather a spot for quiet contact with nature — exactly the feeling people come here for.
It is important to remember simple safety measures: during the warm season, protect yourself against ticks and bring a windbreaker in case the weather changes. Otherwise, the route is accessible to almost everyone.

The confluence of the Koksa and Katun is an effortless walk that provides a sense of a day well spent. It is a place where two rivers become one, and where Altay reveals its calm, contemplative side.

Our journey concludes at the foot of the highest and most mystical mountain in Siberia — Belukha.
Its Russian name, Belukha, comes from its eternal raiment: two peaks — East and West — are perpetually covered in snow and glaciers. Standing at 4,509 meters above sea level, this twin-headed beauty is the highest point not only of the Altay Mountains but of all Siberia.

For the indigenous Altay people, the mountain is sacred, and it holds many names, each reflecting its significance:

• Kadyn-Bazhy — "The Head of the Katun River." This is one of the most common and revered names.
• Uch-Sumer — "The Three Sacred Peaks." The Altay people consider Belukha the center of the world, a sacred axis; therefore, out of deep respect, none of them dare to summit it.

Belukha occupies a unique place in both geography and spiritual life. It is situated exactly on the border between Russia and Kazakhstan, and at the junction of three great oceanic basins: the Arctic, the Pacific, and the Indian Oceans. This makes it a unique energetic hub of the planet.

According to folk beliefs, Belukha is the abode of powerful spirits, and ascending it for the uninitiated is strictly forbidden. Legend has it that the entrance to the mythical Belovodye is located here, with the mountain serving as its impregnable guardian.

The mountain is also inseparably linked to the legacy of Nicholas Roerich. The artist viewed Belukha as one of the centers from which cosmic energy is transmitted to the world. He wrote: "Where then is Belovodye, where is Shambala? If Belukha is not the entrance, then, at any rate, it is an image of it. The aspiration toward it is already a gateway."

For most travelers, trekking to the foot of the mountain is the primary goal — for instance, to Lake Akkem, which offers the most breathtaking views. The trek to Akkem is a challenging but incredibly beautiful multi-day route.

For those reaching it by vehicle, the nearest point of contact is the village of Tyungur. It is a convenient base where the air is thick with the spirit of travel, inspiring any visitor to shoulder a backpack and embark on an extraordinary path.

Look toward Belukha. Feel its power, its untouched nature, and the millennial wisdom it preserves. Kadyn-Bazhy is not just a mountain; it is the symbol of Altay, one that inspires awe and demands respect.

This is where the grand journey begins! Our route leads to the Katu-Yaryk Pass — a true threshold between the inhabited Ulagan Plateau and the wild valley of the Chulyshman. The name of the pass in the Altay language translates as "hard cleft" or "gorge," perfectly capturing the character of this place.

Katu-Yaryk is rightfully considered one of the most spectacular and impressive passes in Gorny Altay. It is a steep descent carved directly into the mountainside, dropping travelers from the plateau height to the floor of the Chulyshman valley in just a few kilometers. The elevation drop here is about 530 meters, and the road is literally etched into the slope, creating the sensation that it is hanging over the abyss.

The descent is about 3.5 kilometers long. The surface is dirt and rock; there is no asphalt here. Throughout the entire length of the road, there are only seven sharp turns — known as "pockets" or switchbacks — that allow for a gradual descent. The average gradient is about 18%, and on some sections, it feels especially acute. Therefore, the pass is only accessible for vehicles with high ground clearance and requires full concentration from the driver.

The most surprising fact is the age of this road. Katu-Yaryk was laid relatively recently, in the 1980s. Before that, the only way to descend into the Chulyshman valley was on foot or on horseback. The road was cut by hand, with the participation of local residents and workers using simple machinery. It was a true feat of engineering and human will that forever changed the accessibility of the southern shore of Lake Teletskoye.
Be sure to stop at the observation deck on the edge of the Ulagan Plateau. From here, one of the most recognizable views of Altay opens up: the winding ribbon of the Chulyshman below, and the zigzag of the road directly beneath your feet.

Today, Katu-Yaryk remains a symbol of Altay — an example of how humans carefully and respectfully adapt to the harsh mountain relief. Descending the pass is always a trial and, at the same time, a powerful impression that stays in your memory for a long time.

It is important to note that construction of a new descent is currently underway. Its route will be nearly twice as long as the current one — about 6.7 kilometers — with a gentler slope and more stable soil conditions. This is intended to increase the safety and reliability of the road. However, the new pass is not expected to be operational until at least 2027, so for now, travelers continue to use the historic Katu-Yaryk.

Once at the bottom, you find yourself in a completely different world — the wide and rugged Chulyshman valley, where trails, waterfalls, and one of the most remote and beautiful parts of Altay begin.

We are turning off the familiar routes and descending into the Chulyshman River valley. This is an entire world tucked between mountain ranges, where the presence of civilization is still barely felt.

The Chulyshman Valley is a deep canyon, reaching several kilometers in width in some places and over 500 meters in depth. It stretches from the high-mountain Lake Dzhulukul, where the river originates, and ends at the southern shore of Lake Teletskoye. The total length of the river is about 240 kilometers, and throughout this journey, the Chulyshman remains a powerful, cold, and swift mountain river.

The source of the Chulyshman lies at an altitude of over 2,200 meters, in the area of the Chulyshman Highlands. Here, amidst marshy meadows and dozens of streams, the river is gradually born, surrounded by numerous high-altitude lakes. Further on, the Chulyshman enters a gorge, gains speed, and becomes loud and sharp: rapids, shallows, and narrow stone channels — you can feel its character simply by the sound of the water.

Below the Katu-Yaryk Pass begins the most famous part of the valley — the one most often imagined when speaking of the Chulyshman. Here, the gorge is particularly impressive: sheer walls, waterfalls cascading from the slopes, and a wide riverbed that changes with the seasons. In spring and early summer, the water is murkier and stronger, while toward mid-season, it becomes clearer, sometimes with a bluish or green tint.

In its final stretch, the valley leads to Lake Teletskoye: here, the Chulyshman completes its long mountain journey and flows into the calm, deep waters of the lake’s southern part. The Chulyshman Valley is a space of silence, scale, and primordial power. There is almost no mobile signal here, the weather changes rapidly, and nature remains as it was centuries ago. This is not a place for the casual tourist, but for those ready for the road, the distances, and the authentic Altay.

To be here is to see one of the most powerful and impressive sides of Gorny Altay. This is precisely why the Chulyshman Valley is considered a place that is absolutely worth reaching at least once in a lifetime.

After descending from the Katu-Yaryk Pass into the Chulyshman Valley, we head toward the Kurkure Waterfall. It is located in the middle section of the valley, not far from the pass, at the point where the Kurkure River — a right tributary of the Chulyshman — plunges from a rocky ledge into a deep gorge.
The name of the waterfall perfectly captures its character. In the Altay language, "Kurkure" means "thundering," "clattering," or "furious." You can hear this sound long before the waterfall comes into view: the roar of the water echoes off the canyon walls and carries far across the valley.

Kurkure is not the highest waterfall in Altay, but it is one of the most powerful. Its total height is about thirty meters, and it consists of two distinct cascades — an upper and a lower one. The stream falls almost vertically, striking a stone basin that the water has been carving out for centuries. At the bottom, it shatters into a fine mist, ensuring the air is always cool and damp, even on a hot summer day.

In sunny weather, a rainbow frequently appears in this watery fog. It seems to hang suspended between the cliffs — bright, calm, and almost motionless. In such moments, one simply wants to stop and listen to the water "talking" to the mountains.

To get closer to the waterfall, you must cross the Chulyshman River by motorboat. After the crossing, there is a hike of about 1.5 to 2 kilometers along a trail following the gorge. The trail is not difficult but can be rocky, especially after rain. Along the way, views of the sheer valley walls and the swift river current open up.
Kurkure Waterfall is located within the territory of the Ak Cholushpa Natural Park and the Altay Biosphere Reserve. Here, the primordial nature of the place is especially palpable: dense taiga, moss-covered stones, ferns, and an almost complete absence of human traces.

Kurkure is at its most voluminous in late spring and early summer, when the mountain snows melt. During this period, the spray can fly for dozens of meters, making it challenging to stand right next to the basin. By mid-summer, the flow becomes calmer but loses none of its power or expressiveness.

Kurkure is the place where the Chulyshman Valley finds its voice — loud and continuous. Here, you can truly see how water shapes this magnificent landscape!

We are in the heart of the Chulyshman Valley — a place where nature acts as a surrealist sculptor. Here, on the slopes of the Ak-Kurum tract (which means "White Scree"), are the famous Stone Mushrooms.

These whimsical geological formations, resembling giant mushrooms, are the result of selective erosion and weathering:

• The "caps" are formed from dense boulders of conglomerate that are resistant to destruction.
• The "stems" consist of softer, looser rock — clay and crushed stone.

For centuries, rainwater and storms flowing down the slope washed away the soft rock, while the hard "cap" served as an umbrella, protecting the section beneath it. The result is a series of figures reaching up to 7 meters in height, while the thickness of the "stems" is sometimes only half a meter! They look incredibly fragile, as if they are about to collapse, yet some have stood for millennia.

The most amazing thing is that the mushrooms continue to "grow" and change. This is a constant process: older mushrooms, weakened by time, may fall (a major collapse occurred during the 2003 earthquake), while new ones gradually form in their place under the influence of the elements.

How to reach the mushrooms? To see this wonder up close, you will need to complete a short but full-fledged trek:

1. First, you must cross the Chulyshman River to the opposite bank, usually by motorboat.
2. Then comes a climb up a steep trail on the mountainside. The elevation gain is about 120 meters, and the entire round-trip route takes approximately 2 hours.

Upon reaching the plateau, you will not only see the mushrooms themselves but also enjoy a breathtaking panorama of the Chulyshman Valley. This is truly a place of power and a visual lesson in the long and persistent work of nature.

We are venturing deeper into the valley, approaching the Uchar Waterfall, also known as the Big Chulchinsky Waterfall. This is not just a waterfall — it is the largest cascading waterfall in Gorny Altay. Its name in the Altay language means "inaccessible" or "flying," and both translations are perfectly fitting.

Uchar is a massive, multi-tiered cascade on the Chulcha River, a right tributary of the Chulyshman. The waterfall has a total drop of about 160 meters. It does not fall in a single stream but flows down through numerous powerful, churning steps, creating an incredible roar that can be heard for kilometers.

Why is Uchar called "inaccessible"? This waterfall was discovered by tourists relatively recently — only in the 1970s — precisely because of its remoteness. It is located within the territory of the Altay State Nature Biosphere Reserve. To visit the route, you must obtain a permit and pay a recreational fee at the checkpoint.
The journey to the waterfall itself is a true adventure. The trail begins at the confluence of the Chulcha and Chulyshman rivers and stretches for approximately 8 to 8.5 kilometers one way. The difficulty of the route is moderate to high, intended for physically fit travelers. The trail runs along cliffs and becomes quite narrow in places. It includes sections with steep drops, climbs, and descents, and requires crossing streams over temporary log bridges, stones, or by fording. The most dangerous rocky section is equipped with safety cables and metal rungs (via ferrata elements). The round trip takes an average of 6 to 7 hours.

Despite the difficulty, Uchar is a cult destination. Those who venture on this path claim that the sight is worth every step. It is a visual symbol of the power and untamed nature of Gorny Altay. The roar of the water, the rising mist of spray, and the sense of one’s own smallness before the elements create a powerful, unforgettable impression.

It is believed that Uchar possesses a special energy. In Altay beliefs, mountain waterfalls are places where the boundary between the spirit world and the human world thins. Feel this power if you decide to take this path.

The southern shore of Lake Teletskoye is the meeting point of two great waters: here, the Chulyshman River leaves its valley and flows into the lake. The landscape immediately changes from what you see in the north: the lake narrows here, the shores appear more austere, and the mountain ranges close in more tightly. It is in this spot that you can clearly see how the "lake" Altay transitions into the "valley" Altay — further along the Chulyshman, a completely different route begins, filled with waterfalls and gorges.

People reach this place in different ways. Some arrive by water — on a motorboat or a ferry from Artybash. Others come from the opposite direction, traversing the Chulyshman Valley after descending from the Katu-Yaryk Pass. Almost everyone stops here: the southern shore is one of the few places on Lake Teletskoye accessible by vehicle where you can rest by the water. However, keep in mind that the road is challenging; it is not suitable for all cars, and a high ground clearance is a significant advantage.

A sand spit and shallow waters often form near the shore. Because of this, in mid-summer, the water here can warm up significantly more than in the northern part of the lake.

Another feature of this place is the sense of scale. The Chulyshman brings cold, swift mountain water, and Lake Teletskoye receives it into its deep basin. At the boundary where the river meets the lake, you can easily read the movement of the currents, see the water change color, and hear the difference in sound: the river is sharper, while the lake is muffled and broad. It is a great place to simply stand, look down the "tail" of the lake, and realize how far you have traveled from the beaten path.

Nearby, at the very southern tip, lies the village of Balykcha. The name Balykcha comes from the Altay word "balyk", meaning "fish." This is because for centuries, fishing flourished here, and the mouth of the Chulyshman has always been a rich fishing ground.

Unlike the resort-like Artybash in the north, Balykcha is a settlement with a more traditional and quiet way of life. It is located a considerable distance from major highways and remains isolated: most travelers arrive either by water from Artybash or by land via the Katu-Yaryk Pass. People often pause here before continuing their journey — either back across the lake or up the Chulyshman, into the most remote and picturesque part of the route.

Before us lies Lake Teletskoye — a long, cold expanse of water cradled between mountain walls. It is often called the "Pearl of Altay," while the indigenous people know it as Altyn-Kyol — the "Golden Lake." The lake is vast and very deep: it stretches for about 78 kilometers in length, and its deepest point reaches 325 meters, making it one of the deepest lakes in Russia.

Teletskoye lies in a mountain basin: its shores are mostly steep, with cliffs rising directly from the water in some places, while the slopes are covered in dense taiga — cedar, fir, spruce, and larch. The lake appears very "composed" and austere in form: long and narrow, with sections where the water looks almost black due to the immense depth. in clear weather, the surface can be calm and mirror-like, but on windy days, the lake quickly changes character — waves rise, and it becomes clear why travelers always treat departures onto the water with great caution.

About seventy rivers and numerous streams flow into Teletskoye. The largest tributary is the Chulyshman, arriving from the south. Only one river flows out of the lake — the Biya. Further on, it joins the Katun, and together they give birth to the Ob, one of the world’s great river systems. Thus, Teletskoye is a vital part of Siberia’s vast water network, even though the lake itself remains hidden in the mountains and feels almost isolated.

The legend of the "Golden Lakes" origin is particularly picturesque. In ancient times, there was a great famine in Altay. A rich man possessed a large gold ingot. He went from village to village, trying to exchange it for food, but no one could help him. In despair, he climbed the highest cliff and threw the gold into the water, jumping in after it. At the site of his death, the lake formed and took the name Altyn-Kyol, or the "Golden Lake."

Lake Teletskoye is valued for its rare combination of simplicity and power: water, mountains, and taiga are all aligned here. Be sure to stand on the shore for a moment and feel the scale of this place: its depth, its cold freshness, the shifting winds, and the silence that remains even beside such a vast body of water.

Korbu Waterfall is located on the eastern shore of Lake Teletskoye, within the Altay State Nature Biosphere Reserve, about 30 kilometers from Artybash. It can only be reached by water — a fact that makes the encounter with the waterfall feel special from the very start. Korbu seems hidden from casual travelers: the lake guides you between slopes for a long time before the roar of water suddenly emerges from the taiga.

The waterfall itself is not very high — about 12 meters — but its power is felt immediately. With a low, steady rumble, the stream plunges from a stone ledge and flows directly into Lake Teletskoye. In clear weather, the spray catches the light, creating a fine water mist over the rocks that is both cold and refreshing. In spring and early summer, during the snowmelt, Korbu is particularly powerful; its sound leads you through the forest long before you reach the shore.

A wooden boardwalk with railings leads from the pier to the waterfall. It is short, neat, and convenient, winding along the shore through the cedar and fir taiga. Along the way, information boards describe the reserve’s nature, its flora, and fauna. The walk requires no special fitness and is suitable for people of all ages, yet it retains a sense of wilderness — the forest here is dense, the air is damp, and the sound of water accompanies you almost the entire time.

There is a feeling of a "lost place" about Korbu. Despite its popularity, the waterfall does not look "touristic" in the usual sense. The taiga presses in closely, the shore drops into the depths almost immediately, and the cold water serves as a reminder that the lake here lives its own ancient life. Moss-covered rocks and moisture-darkened tree trunks create an atmosphere where the waterfall seems to exist outside of time and travel routes.

Since Korbu is within the reserve boundaries, visits are regulated. An ecological fee is collected at the entrance — a mandatory contribution that helps keep the territory preserved. Strict rules apply here: you must stay on the path, keep noise to a minimum, and avoid leaving any traces of your visit. It is thanks to these measures that the site maintains its tranquility and purity.

It is fascinating to watch how the waterfall changes throughout the year. In summer, it becomes more restrained, its streams thinner amidst lush greenery. In autumn, the forest darkens with golden hues, and Korbu looks more austere, almost graphic. In winter, the waterfall partially freezes into complex ice formations, but few reach it then as navigation on the lake is limited, leaving Korbu alone with the taiga once more.

A stop at the waterfall is usually brief but very memorable. Korbu doesn’t overwhelm with its scale, but it perfectly conveys the character of Lake Teletskoye: cold clear water, a rugged shore, dense forest, and the feeling that a human is merely a guest here. It is that point on the route where you want to linger just a little longer, breathe in the damp air, and memorize the sound of the water before continuing your journey across the lake to more remote shores.

Kishte Waterfall is located on the eastern shore of the lake, on the Kishte River, within the territory of the Altay State Nature Biosphere Reserve. The waterfall is about eight meters high, but in terms of the volume of water it discharges, it is often considered one of the most powerful on the lake.

Usually, Kishte is included in the route on the way to the Korbu Waterfall. From Artybash and Iogach, it is approximately thirty kilometers by water to Kishte, and from Kishte to Korbu — just a few more kilometers. The boat follows the shoreline, and after the village of Yaylu, the Kamga Bay opens up on the left, followed by Cape Ayran. Further on, the shore becomes more rocky with narrow gorges — and Kishte is hidden within one of them.

The main feature of this waterfall is its "close-up" accessibility, but without landing. The shore here is steep and inaccessible, making it impossible to approach on foot, and landing is strictly forbidden due to the reserve’s regulations. The boat can approach quite closely, which is usually enough to get a good look at the waterfall. It is situated about twenty meters from the shoreline and plunges into a small cove where the cliffs stand like walls and the rocks are constantly wet from the spray.

The waterfall is formed by the Kishte River — it is relatively small but originates from the Korbu Ridge and flows down steep slopes, resulting in a dense and "focused" stream. In sunny weather, the cove beneath the waterfall often looks unexpectedly bright: the water near the shore can take on a turquoise hue, and a short rainbow sometimes appears in the spray. On a cloudy day, the same area appears more austere — and the waterfall sounds even louder against the backdrop of the lake’s quiet surface.

We are in the heart of Lake Teletskoye. Our next key point is the village of Yaylyu, located about 30 kilometers from Artybash on the western shore.

Yaylyu is more than just a lakeside settlement. It is the administrative and scientific center of the Altay State Nature Biosphere Reserve, which covers most of Lake Teletskoye and the surrounding territories. Therefore, entry is only possible with the approval of the reserve administration and the payment of a small fee.

If you are traveling by car, the route usually involves about 20 kilometers of dirt road after leaving the main highways. While accessible by most vehicles, a higher ground clearance will make the trip more comfortable. Before reaching Yaylyu, a steep descent leads down to the village. Along the way, you must register at the reserve’s checkpoint, and upon entering the village, register again at the local administration office. Access is through a gate; it is a local custom to close the gate behind you after passing through.

The village itself is famous for its orchards. Thanks to a unique microclimate that softens the Siberian frosts, apples, apricots, and cherries ripen here. Locals take great pride in harvesting fruit in a reserve surrounded by wild taiga.

To truly appreciate the beauty of this place, you should climb to one of the viewpoints in the vicinity of Yaylyu. The view of the lake from here is unique:

• First, you are looking across the width of the lake.
• Second, the lake is at its widest point here, and the shores on both sides are high, steep, and covered in dense, untouched chernevaya taiga (dark-coniferous forest).

The viewpoint itself is often a natural ledge offering a vista of the lake’s broad expanse, framed by mountain ranges that seem to plunge directly into the water. Notice the color of the water: the depth of Lake Teletskoye reaches its maximum in this area, and on a clear day, the water takes on a rich, deep blue-emerald hue, reflecting both the sky and the forest.

It is particularly interesting to watch how the lake and surrounding nature change with the seasons. In winter, the mountains are draped in white, and the lake is partially covered in transparent ice. Spring brings the first mountain flowers — modest yet expressive. In summer, during the short season, the taiga becomes lush and vibrant. In early autumn, snow may already dust the mountain peaks, while it remains warm in Yaylyu, and the orchard leaves begin to turn gold in the sun.

Spending time in Yaylyu, within the reserve, serves as a reminder of the need for a careful attitude toward nature. This area is under special state protection, and here you can feel the essence of the true, wild Altay.

The motor ship "Pioneer of Altay" (Pioner Altaya) is a recognizable legend of Lake Teletskoye. For several generations of travelers, it has become a symbol of first water trips and cherished childhood memories.

The vessel was built in 1964 at the Moscow Shipbuilding Plant. It is a lake-class ship with a reinforced hull. However, its journey to Lake Teletskoye was truly unique. In 1967−1968, the "Pioneer of Altay" traveled under its own power from Moscow through canals, the White Sea, the Northern Sea Route, the Ob Gulf, the Ob River, and finally up the Biya. In difficult sections of the upper Biya, the ship had to be pulled with cables from the shore using tractors and heavy machinery. This transit remains a rare and almost unique case in the history of navigation.

From the late 1960s until the early 1990s, the "Pioneer of Altay" cruised Lake Teletskoye daily. It connected Artybash with the southern part of the lake — the village of Balykcha — making stops at the Korbu waterfall and Yaylyu. For thousands of tourists, this cruise was the highlight of their trip to Altay.

In 1992, the voyages ceased, and the ship remained moored for nearly twenty years. The vessel was abandoned and stripped of its engines. The turning point came in 2009, when Ivan Yuzhakov, a native of Iogach, purchased the ship and began its restoration. Initially, the "Pioneer of Altay" served as a stationary vessel housing a museum and a cafe. However, a full-scale restoration soon followed: repairing the hull, sourcing rare engines, and restoring all ship systems. It was a long and difficult project that few believed in.
In the autumn of 2013, the ship passed its sea trials, and in the summer of 2014, it resumed its regular cruises. After a hiatus of more than twenty years, the "Pioneer of Altay" returned to Lake Teletskoye.

Today, it is the only passenger motor ship on the lake that operates on a regular schedule and guaranteed departures. You can still take the classic route on its deck and see Teletskoye from the water, just as tourists did decades ago. The story of the "Pioneer of Altay" is a rare example of a ship becoming part of a place’s collective memory. It survived a golden age, a long period of decay, and a triumphant return — which is why for Lake Teletskoye, it remains not just a means of transport, but a living piece of history.

The "Third River" (Tretya Rechka) Eco-trail is one of the most accessible yet immersive walks near Lake Teletskoye. Located just a few kilometers from Artybash, it often serves as a quick stop between road travel and a boat journey across the lake.

The route begins at Teletskaya Street, where you will find parking, a cafe, and an information board. From there, the trail immediately enters the forest. The total length of the path is about five hundred meters one way, but within this distance, the landscape manages to change several times.

The first few meters are relatively flat. Here, you instantly feel the Altay taiga: the dense scent of conifers, the shade of cedar and spruce, and soft light filtering between the trunks. The trail is well-maintained, featuring boardwalks, lighting, and signposts.

Further on, the path becomes more "wild": roots and stones appear underfoot, and the large number of anthills becomes strikingly apparent. This is no coincidence — this area is a dense ant zone; these insects are a vital part of the forest ecosystem and are truly numerous here.

Gradually, the sound of water grows louder. The trail approaches the river, known locally as Oirok and officially as Tevenek. It is this river that forms the cascade of waterfalls that serve as the trail’s destination. The eco-trail is often called by its old tourist name, the "Third River." It is believed that it was once perceived as one of the numbered rivers feeding Lake Teletskoye, though both travelers and researchers frequently grew confused in their counts.

On a more challenging section closer to the water, safety ropes have been installed, as the bank is rocky, especially after rain. This segment is short but requires attention. Then, the trail leads to a small bridge over the river. From there, the entire cascade is clearly visible.

The main waterfall is about five meters high. It is tucked into a rocky niche among large, moss-covered boulders. The water falls into a small stone basin before dispersing across the steps below. In spring and early summer, the flow is particularly powerful; in summer, it is calmer, making it easier to get closer.
The eco-trail is interesting at any time of year. In winter, the waterfalls freeze, and the lighting — in white and green — makes the walk exceptionally atmospheric. The ice takes on whimsical shapes, and the route looks entirely different than it does in summer.

The entire round trip takes about an hour. The elevation gain is minimal, making the route perfect for a leisurely introduction to the nature of Lake Teletskoye.

Mount Kokuya and the Teletsky Ski Resort form one of the most prominent hubs for active recreation near Lake Teletskoye. Located just 5 kilometers from Artybash on the western shore, the mountain rises to 1,385 meters above sea level. Its proximity to both the water and the taiga makes it equally attractive in winter and summer.

The resort village of Teletsky has developed at the foot of the mountain, offering hotels, cafes, gear rentals, and the starting point for the chairlift. The lift operates year-round, first taking guests to the 1,050-meter level, where an observation deck is located. Even from here, one of the most striking panoramas of Lake Teletskoye unfolds: a long stretch of water framed by dark-green taiga and mountain ranges. On a clear day, the lake seems to lie far below, while the surrounding space feels almost limitless.

In winter, Kokuya is a full-fledged ski resort. Snow cover lasts up to 180 days a year, and with an average winter temperature of around -11°C, skiing conditions are mild and comfortable. After fresh snowfalls, the slopes are particularly prized by freeriding enthusiasts. In addition to skiing and snowboarding, Kokuya offers tubing, an ice rink, snowshoeing, and dog sledding. All necessary equipment is available for rent on-site.

In summer, Kokuya changes character but loses none of its appeal. The chairlift allows visitors to reach the viewpoints effortlessly and see Lake Teletskoye from a bird’s-eye view. From above, the relief of the coastline, the curves of the shore, and the endless expanses of taiga are clearly visible. For those who enjoy active hiking, trekking to the upper levels is possible — the route is challenging, but the views fully justify the effort.

Our journey has brought us to the northern shore of Lake Teletskoye, to the village of Artybash. This is the hub for tourist bases, piers, and most water excursion routes; many travelers begin their journey to the southern shore from this very spot. The village stands at the source of the Biya River — the only river that flows out of Lake Teletskoye.

The name "Artybash" is usually translated as "head of the rapid" or "beginning." This perfectly matches the geography: here, the lake’s water gathers into the channel of the Biya, and the calm lake surface gradually transforms into a river current. Artybash is located about 155 kilometers from Gorno-Altaysk, and arriving from the north by road is the most convenient way to reach the lake.

To get a complete and truly powerful impression of Lake Teletskoye at this point, it is worth climbing one of the local observation decks. The most popular and accessible is Mount Tilan-Tuu.

The ascent on foot takes about 20−30 minutes, covering approximately 400 meters up a trail. If you prefer an easier way, during the high season, you can often arrange a ride up in an off-road vehicle.

From the summit, located at an altitude of 741 meters above sea level, a classic panorama of the northern tip of Lake Teletskoye opens up. You can see how the lake recedes into the mountains in a narrow, long line, how the taiga meets the water’s edge, and how the Biya begins below. This is the very view that helps you piece together the geography of the region: where the lake ends, where the river starts, how the shores are structured, and why this is the perfect starting point for routes — both by water and along the surrounding trails.

Our introduction to the contemporary art of Gorno-Altaysk begins with the monumental mural "Eternity" (Vechnost). Located on the facade of an apartment building on Lenkin Street, this work has become one of the city’s landmarks, bridging the traditional Altay worldview with the language of modern street art.

Arzhan Yuteyev is a young but already acclaimed artist from the Republic of Altay who uses monumental painting to speak about culture, memory, and the core values of his people. His murals are not merely urban decorations; they serve as anchors for cultural meaning.

The mural "Eternity" is dedicated to fundamental human values that the artist considers unchanging through time: love, loyalty, family bonds, and the continuity of generations.
In the center of the composition are a warrior and his beloved, depicted in an embrace. This gesture is filled with both warmth and inner tension: it conveys love as well as the anticipation of challenges ahead. The male figure gazes forward into the future, while the female figure symbolizes support, faithfulness, and the preservation of inner balance.

The work is striking in its scale and technical complexity. The artist himself noted that this was his most labor-intensive project, both in terms of volume and the vast array of color shades used. Light and shadow merge subtly in the composition: the bright aura surrounding the figures symbolizes purity and hope, while dark accents add drama and inner strength to the images. This allows the mural to blend seamlessly into the urban landscape while still commanding attention.

"Eternity" is not just an image; it is a quiet conversation with the viewer about roots, the connection between generations, and what remains important regardless of time or circumstance. This mural has become a symbol of loyalty, love, and cultural memory for the city, and it rightfully opens our cultural walk through Gorno-Altaysk.

Our next point on the map is another monumental work by Arzhan Yuteyev, dedicated to a person without whom the history of Altay art is unimaginable — Grigory Ivanovich Choros-Gurkin (1870−1937). This mural is a conversation across time between the first professional artist of Altay and the modern city.

Choros-Gurkin was the first professional Altay artist, a landscape painter, ethnographer, educator, and thinker. He was born here in Ulala — as Gorno-Altaysk was formerly known — and achieved what few can: he depicted his homeland in a way that all of Russia saw and recognized it. He studied under the great Ivan Shishkin, absorbing the traditions of the Russian realistic school while remaining absolutely original.

The mural is located at 14 Kommunistichesky Avenue. Created in 2020, it was Arzhan Yuteyev’s first major monumental project, launching a whole series of murals dedicated to Altay culture and its heroes.
In the center of the composition is the figure of Choros-Gurkin in traditional national clothing. His gaze is calm and focused, as if he is simply observing the city. Behind the master’s back are motifs from his magnum opus, the painting "Khan-Altay," a subject the artist returned to throughout his life. The mountain here symbolizes spirit, memory, and the motherland. The mural is titled "The Master’s Return," and the name feels especially precise.

Yuteyev’s work is a tribute of respect. This mural in Gorno-Altaysk serves as a vital reminder of cultural heritage, emphasizing that the roots of modern Altay art reach deep into history.

The next point on our route is dedicated to a man whose name is directly linked to the living memory of the Altay people — Nikolay Ulagashevich Ulagashev. He was a Kaichy — a traditional storyteller, folk singer, and guardian of the heroic epic of Alta’y.

The mural is located at 42 G.I. Choros-Gurkin Street, on the building of the Gorno-Altaysk Pedagogical College. It was created in 2021 to commemorate the 160th anniversary of the storyteller’s birth. The creation of the mural took eight days and became a significant cultural event for the city.

Nikolay Ulagashev was born in the mountainous region of Sary-Koksha in 1861. At the age of sixteen, he went blind, and it was after this that his life’s path was finally determined. He began wandering across Altay, performing ancient heroic legends — just as Kaichy had done for centuries: entirely from memory.

A Kaichy is not merely a narrator. He is a vessel through which tradition speaks. The epics performed by Ulagashev were created over many centuries and passed down only orally. His repertoire included more than thirty heroic legends, as well as songs, myths, and fairy tales. Many of these were recorded only in the late 1930s, thanks to the work of the Altay writer Pavel Kuchiyak and folklorist A.L. Garf. From that moment on, Ulagashev’s name became known to a wide circle of researchers and readers.

The folklore recorded from him formed the basis of the published epic heritage of the Alta’y people. His legends were included in the multi-volume edition "Altay Baatyrlar" ("Altai Heroes"), and some plots have been staged at the Altay National Drama Theater.

In this mural, the artist Yuteyev conveys not only a physical likeness but also the master’s inner state. The image of Ulagashev is concentrated and calm, as if he is listening. This is not the moment of performance, but the moment of silence between words, when the legend is just being born.

This mural is a sign of respect for all keepers of the oral tradition — people thanks to whom culture was preserved not in books, but in living sound. It reminds us that the history of Altay is also a voice passed from person to person.

Our exploration of the cultural meanings of Gorno-Altaysk continues at the mural dedicated to Lazar Kokyshev. This wall painting on the facade of the building at 47 Kommunistichesky Avenue was created by Arzhan Yuteyev — an artist who excels at transforming city walls into spaces of memory and respect for those who shaped the voice of Altay.

Lazar Kokyshev is a classic of Altay literature, a poet, and a playwright. In his texts, Altay resounds as a living motherland: warm, austere, and intimate — a place to which one returns after the longest of journeys. This is why, in the mural’s composition, it is not just the portrait that matters, but also the lines of poetry written in both the Russian and Altay languages. Here, the word becomes part of the image, and the image an extension of the word.

At the center of the work is the writer’s face: calm and observant. Beside it are the lines of poetry that capture Kokyshev’s central theme: returning to one’s native land as a place of strength and inner support. These words sound almost like a greeting and a promise:
"Hello, my dear land… I have returned from far-off roads… I could not help but return!"

The mural appeared in 2022 near the National Museum, and this location feels very fitting. Here, just a few steps from the exhibits housing the republic’s material history, the literary history resounds: memory expressed through poetry. The work seems to bridge generations, reminding us that culture lives not only in objects and dates but also in language, intonation, and lines that stay with people for a long time.
The mural dedicated to Lazar Kokyshev has become a symbol of continuity for the city: a mark of respect for the power of the word and for those who used that word to preserve and pass on the character and inner light of Altay.

After exploring the street murals, our route leads us to a space where contemporary Altay art can be understood more deeply. The gallery of Arzhan Yuteyev is a place for focused observation.

Arzhan Yuteyev is an artist from the Republic of Altay and a member of the Union of Artists of Russia, working in the genre of mystical realism. His painting grows out of the Altay heroic epic, Turkic runic script, ancient burial mounds, stone stelae, and the petroglyphs of the Altai Mountains. These sources are not cited literally; they are sensed as a memory of form, a rhythm, an inner image that the artist translates into the language of color and texture.

Significantly, the gallery is not a static exhibition. A new exhibition opens here every year, so the space is constantly updated: new series appear, accents shift, and even familiar motifs look different. It is like returning to the same mountain trail in different seasons — the path is recognizable, yet the impression is new every time.

The gallery includes a shop with branded goods, merchandise, and reproductions, as well as a café and coffee shop. Events are held here regularly: creative evenings, meetings, and small concerts by national ensembles. On such days, the gallery resounds with particular depth — acting as a cultural platform where art is not just "shown," but lived.

If Yuteyev’s murals are points of meaning on the city map, then the gallery is an opportunity to pause and see the source: the artist and his language, through which modern Altay speaks about itself.

This is one of the oldest national scientific and cultural institutions in the republic. The foundation of the future museum was laid back in 1918, when collections related to the history and nature of the mountain region began to be acquired and preserved. Its official founding date is 1920 — the year it was formally recognized that a museum in Gorny Altay was essential.

The museum is named after Andrey Viktorovich Anokhin — an ethnographer, composer, and educator who was one of the museum’s organizers and its first director. For many years, he collected materials on the ethnography, folklore, and music of the peoples of Southern Siberia and Altay, which became the bedrock of the museum’s holdings.

Today, the museum is housed in a purpose-built facility that underwent major reconstruction and expansion between 2008 and 2012. The exhibitions are vast and varied, ranging from ancient history and archaeology to ethnography, nature, and the modern period. The funds house tens of thousands of unique items.
A central place in the museum is occupied by an exhibition dedicated to a discovery of world significance — the mummified remains of a woman from the Pazyryk culture, found in 1993 on the high-altitude Ukok Plateau. This find is often called the "Princess of Ukok," though it is more accurate to refer to her as a priestess or a noblewoman. Her burial, over two thousand years old, stands as one of Eurasia’s most important archaeological discoveries. Today, in a specially designed sacred space within the museum, you can see authentic artifacts of the Pazyryk culture and feel a direct connection to ancient Altay.

The museum also houses the largest collection of works by Grigory Ivanovich Choros-Gurkin. Here, you can see original paintings by the master whose name has become synonymous with the Altay landscape and artistic memory. Beyond his work, the collection features other artists, as well as graphics, ethnographic materials, documents, and objects that piece together the complete history of the region.
Thus, this museum is the ideal final point of our city route: after the streets and murals, we enter a space where the culture of Altay is gathered under one roof.